Lead, iron and manganese contamination in spring, pond and well water in Nagaland, one of the Seven North-Eastern states of India: a future danger

T. Tiakaba Jamir, W. Bembee De

Abstract

Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD were determined. While the level of trace elements namely iron, copper, zinc, nickel, manganese lead, cadmium, silver and arsenic have been determined from five different districts/sub-divisions viz- Wokha, Tuensang, Zunheboto, Ungma in Mokokchung and Tseminyu in Kohima of Nagaland, India. Comparing these results with the WHO guidelines for the domestic water revealed that the concentration of lead, iron and manganese in many samples under investigation were within the elevated values. These finding shows that waste materials have been passed into the rivers by human and/or industrial activities.