Review Article
Waseem Raja Dar, Muzamil Latie
Abstract
HF is a burgeoning problem worldwide, which affects almost 23 million people. Despite many recent advances in the evaluation and management of HF, the development of symptomatic HF still carries a poor prognosis. The recommended pharmacological therapy includes the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blockers, diuretics, and aldosterone antagonists. The impact of heart failure and its treatment on specific nutrient requirements is unknown. Anorexia, malnutrition, advanced age, and frequent hospitalization are all factors that have been identified as contributing to increased risk of nutrient deficiencies in patients with congestive heart failure. Micronutrient supplementation in heart failure patients has been found to improve outcomes.